An interesting article from the Gemological Institute of America Inc. (GIA), on pigments derived from minerals, and used for art.
Historical pigments pictured with their source companions. Left to right: bone, cinnabar, hematite, malachite (with coarse pigment powder), lapis lazuli (ultramarine), and azurite (with fine pigment powder). Bottom center: cinnabar and azurite pigment. Gem materials gifted to GIA by Richard Marcus (mammoth ivory slice), Francisco Bank (hematite rough), the Hauser family in memory of Joel and Barbara Hauser (polished malachite), Zohreh Armini (polished lapis lazuli), and Josephine Scripps (azurite rough). Photo by Robert Weldon.
